The QUEST: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Sustainable Aquaculture Systems: Microcontroller-driven Solar-Powered Fish Feeder

Mark Harvin Cortez — 2025-12-30

This research focuses on the development and implementation of a solar-powered automatic fish feeder using Arduino and a microcontroller to optimize feeding processes in aquaculture systems. The primary objective is to create an efficient and effective prototype that improves fish farming productivity while aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The system integrates photovoltaic panels, a 12V 40Ah battery, and a 200W solar panel, controlled by a solar charge controller to ensure continuous, sustainable energy. The Arduino microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, programmed to operate a servo motor that opens and closes the feed channel at precise intervals, dispensing 3kg of feed per day. The feeder operates on two feeding schedules: 8:30–9:00 AM and 3:30–4:00 PM, each involving three cycles with 1-minute intervals to ensure efficient consumption of feed. By utilizing solar power, the system contributes to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), while promoting sustainable aquaculture practices that support SDG 14 (Life Below Water). The design also aims to improve food security (SDG 2: Zero Hunger) and provide technological innovation in fisheries (SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).This solar-powered fish feeder represents a practical solution for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of aquaculture, offering a low-cost, eco-friendly alternative to traditional feeding methods.

Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, and Antibacterial Activity of Wild Sampalok-Sampalukan (Moeroris amara) in Selected Barangays of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija

Nazarene Pae Aquino — 2025-12-30

The global challenge of microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs has prompted the search for new agents from natural sources like medicinal plants. This study focuses on Moeroris amara, a traditional Indian medicinal plant, to assess its antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), common causes of skin and urinary tract infections, respectively. Samples were collected from Aliaga, Nueva Ecija, and ethanol (95%) was used to extract the plant components. Proximate analysis determined the nutritional composition, while phytochemical screening assessed Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). Disk diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial activity. The analysis revealed Moeroris amara leaves contain 7.6% ash, 5.4% crude fat, 15.0% crude fiber, 13.6% moisture and 19.30% crude protein, suggesting potential health benefits. High levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were found, with TPC at 260.65 mg GAE/g and TFC at 193.65 mg RHE/g. The ethanolic leaf extracts exhibited significant inhibitory activity against both bacterial strains. In conclusion, M. amara shows promise as a natural source for antimicrobial agents due to its significant nutritional and antibacterial properties. Its high phenolic and flavonoid content contribute to antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further research is recommended to explore its potential as functional foods and natural antimicrobial agents.

Status, Opportunities and Challenges of College Entrepreneurship Education and Competence of Teachers Basis for Strategic Plan

Zhao Pengfei — 2026-03-11

College entrepreneurship education played an increasingly vital role in modern society. As innovation and entrepreneurship gained greater attention, such education became an essential component of the university system. This study aimed to examine the status, opportunities, and challenges of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and to explore the importance of teacher competence in strategic planning. A quantitative research design was employed, using a stratified sampling survey of college teachers in Hunan Province. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education engaged a broad and diverse group of respondents across various demographics, including age, gender, educational attainment, years of service, marital status, and professional fields. Teachers aged 31–50 formed the majority, although a considerable number of young respondents aged 18–30 also participated, indicating diverse representation. Gender distribution appeared relatively balanced, reflecting inclusivity in the field. Undergraduate and master’s degree holders constituted the largest portion of respondents, suggesting the need to strengthen participation among those with lower academic qualifications. Teachers’ competence was shaped by entrepreneurial resources, opportunity identification abilities, professional knowledge, training policies, and individual skill levels. University entrepreneurship education demonstrated positive characteristics in terms of coverage, structure, management, strategic direction, and adoption of best practices. It offered students varied practical learning opportunities and institutional support. Teachers exhibited strong skills in utilizing entrepreneurial resources, transferring knowledge, sharing experience, participating in training, and applying appropriate teaching methods. They emphasized individualized student development and the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurial capabilities. Despite emerging opportunities—such as increased government and societal support, as well as advances in information technology—challenges persisted, including inconsistent teacher quality and limited teaching resources. The study suggested that improving teacher competence through targeted training, enhanced resource allocation, curriculum refinement, and strengthened evaluation systems would help elevate the overall quality of entrepreneurship education and support its sustained development.

Impact of Collaborative Learning in Shaping Industrial Technology Students' Skills and Competencies at Aurora State College of Technology

JAYCILE Pascua — 2025-12-30

This study investigates the influence of collaborative learning on the development of essential skills, competencies, and professional and technical abilities of Industrial Technology students. Using a self-constructed questionnaire, data were gathered to assess students’ perceptions of how collaborative learning contributes to their academic and professional growth. Results show that students strongly agree on the positive impact of collaborative learning across three dimensions: skills development (mean = 3.48), competency enhancement (mean = 3.40), and the shaping of professional and technical skills (mean = 3.41).

The findings highlight that collaborative learning promotes problem-solving abilities, facilitates the application of classroom knowledge, and makes the learning process more engaging and effective. Students’ also builds confidence in performing technical tasks and accelerates learning through peer interaction. Furthermore, students recognize that collaborative learning enhances communication, leadership, time management, and critical thinking skills, while also fostering adaptability and flexibility—traits vital for both academic achievement and workplace success. In-terms of professional readiness, collaborative learning fosters accountability, teamwork, and exposure to diverse perspectives, equipping students with the competencies required in industry settings.

In general, the study significance of incorporating collaborative learning strategies into technical education to ensure development and career readiness among students.

Hands-On from a Distance: The Perceptions of MAT General Science and Technology Graduate Students Towards Lab-at-Home Experiences

Darwin Reyes — 2025-12-30

This study aims to address the critical challenge of delivering practical laboratory skills during remote instruction. The purpose was to determine the perceptions of Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) General Science and Technology graduate students regarding the pedagogical value, challenges, and effectiveness of mandatory lab-at-home experiences. A descriptive survey design was employed, utilizing a 5-point Likert scale and an open-ended question, with 20 graduate students participating. Results indicated a positive perception, particularly regarding instructional quality, with the clarity of design receiving a mean score of 4.85 out of 5. This result affirms the success of the experience in conceptual learning. Qualitative findings highlighted key benefits, including the promotion of student resourcefulness, time efficiency, and flexibility. Conversely, critical limitations were identified, such as a lack of precision due to non-calibrated equipment, concerns over safety supervision, and the absence of collaborative peer interaction. The major conclusion is that the lab-at-home experience is an excellent complementary pedagogical strategy, efficient for conceptual development and promoting creativity. Still, it must be integrated into a hybrid model to ensure proper training in safety, standardization, and quantitative accuracy.

THE Utilization of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Meal as Energy Source for Mallard Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos)

JAYDEELYN DACER-AQUINO — 2025-12-30

Abstract. The mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), additionally referred to as "itik" in the Philippines, is an egg-type duck that is a large source of delicious, valued, and healthful eggs that are perfect for the manufacture of boiled incubated "balut" and meat that is high in protein and improves local food security. In order to provide an alternative feed ingredient that is readily available locally and at a reasonable price, concerns about the restricted natural feed source for mallard ducks and the high cost of commercial feeds have to be addressed. The experimental study had a duration of sixty days and focused on Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Meal used as the energy source of mallard duck to lessen the cost of production. Treatments used were 30% rice bran + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 1 (control), 30% dried cassava meal + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 2, 30% fermented cassava meal + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 3, 15% dried cassava meal + 15% fermented cassava meal + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 4. A Completely Randomized Design was laid out for treatments and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to determine the difference between Treatment means. The research findings indicate that dried cassava meal supplementation to mallard ducks resulted in the highest average final weight of the birds. The highest average gain in weight of the experimental birds was from Treatment 2 with a dried cassava meal-based ration. The most efficient feed converter among all the Treatments was the Dried cassava meal fed to the mallard ducks while the economic viability of cassava meal was proven as Dried cassava meal has the highest return on investment compared to other treatments. Therefore, Cassava meal-based rations may be utilized as an alternative feed ingredient for further study in mallard duck production.

Integration of Social-Emotional Learning In Science Teaching: Basis for a Proposed Implementation Plan

Recheline Inoncillo — 2025-12-30

This study assessed the integration of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) in science teaching in District IV of the Division of City Schools, Manila, to serve as the basis for a proposed implementation plan. Findings revealed that the respondents—comprising predominantly experienced, academically qualified, and professionally mature educators—were well-positioned to provide valuable insights. The integration of SEL into science instruction was found to be effectively implemented, with educators utilizing strategies such as cooperative learning, emotional awareness, and mindfulness. Adequate training and updated resources supported SEL practices, contributing to a very satisfactory level of implementation. Although minimal challenges were identified, including time constraints and occasional student resistance, opportunities for enhancement emerged, particularly in professional development and policy structuring. The impact of SEL on students was notably positive, enhancing emotional skills, social interaction, and academic engagement. The study culminated in the development of a structured implementation plan designed to embed SEL in science education, equipping teachers and supporting students’ emotional well-being and academic growth.

Green Innovation Models of Social Enterprises: Basis For Cross-Sector Collaboration

Li Yinxia — 2025-12-30

This study presented a comprehensive examination of green innovation phenomena within social enterprises. Located in Guangdong Province, China, the study encompassed respondents selected through purposive sampling. The questionnaire, which covered social enterprise profiles, green innovation models, drivers, and barriers, employed various analytical methods. Findings revealed a diverse landscape of social enterprises, demonstrating potential for collaboration. Positive sentiments regarding green innovation models and identified drivers underscored the sector's readiness for cross-sector collaboration. Although challenges existed, managerial commitment and innovative potential offered opportunities for collaboration. The study recommended province-level initiatives, policy advocacy, awareness campaigns, technical cooperation, and pooled investments to foster impactful green innovation in social enterprises. Given the study's location in Guangdong Province, China, the findings may have had broader implications for both local and global contexts. Understanding the dynamics of green innovation and collaboration in this region could inform not only regional policies but also contributed to the global discourse on sustainable practices within the social enterprise sector.

Endophytic Fungi from Kandelia candel: DNA Barcoding and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties Against Human Pathogens

John Paul Llait — 2025-12-30

Endophytic fungi isolated from Kandelia candel locally known as Bakawan-Baler, a critically endangered true mangrove species that can be found only along the muddy riverbanks of Baler, Aurora, was genetically identified and evaluated for its antibacterial activity. Eight (8) endophytic fungi were isolated, four of them were from leaves while four were from roots. Six (6) endophytic fungi were isolates identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus foetidus, and Trichoderma harzianum from roots, and Aspergillus brasiliensis and Aspergillus foetidus from leaves while two were still unidentified. Antibacterial activity of cultured endophytes was assessed through disc diffusion assay against two bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli BIOTECH 1634 and Staphylococcus aureus BIOTECH 1582. Results revealed no inhibitory effect for all the endophytic fungal extracts against E. coli yet three isolates namely Aspergillus foetidus, Trichoderma harzianum and one unidentified endophytes all from K.candel roots, showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. These findings suggest further studies in the potential use of identified endophytic fungi derived from K. candel as a novel antibacterial agent given the increase challenge in in vitro testing against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and to determine possible presence of various bioactive compounds supporting its therapeutic potential and role in drug discovery. This study serves as reinforcement for the importance of DNA barcoding and bioassays provides valuable insights in the diversity and medical relevance of fungal endophytes in rare plant species emphasizing the significance of conservation not only for its ecological role but also for its potential pharmaceutical value.

Adoption and Challenges of Agricultural Technology and Machinery: Insights from Farmers in Lupao, Nueva Ecija

Julius Jay Rodriguez — 2025-12-30

This study explores the adoption and challenges of agricultural technology and machinery among 100 smallholder farmers in Lupao, Nueva Ecija. A descriptive survey design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire to gather data on respondents’ demographic profiles, levels of awareness, extent of technology use, and the socio-economic, institutional, technological, environmental, and cultural factors influencing adoption. Findings reveal that most respondents are male, over 45 years old, with at least a high school education and extensive farming experience. Farms are generally under three hectares, and rice remains the predominant crop. Results further indicate that farmers exhibit substantial awareness of modern machinery, sustainable practices, and government support programs. Many integrate traditional and modern methods, often owning or renting machinery to complement their operations. Adoption of agricultural technology is shaped by factors such as cost, farm size, age, institutional support, ease of use, and climate variability. However, farmers continue to face barriers, including high investment costs, limited access to credit, low technical knowledge, inadequate facilities, policy constraints, and sociocultural resistance. These challenges restrict the full and efficient adoption of innovations. The study highlights the importance of strengthening agricultural extension services, creating accessible financial schemes, providing hands-on training, and improving rural infrastructure. It also emphasizes the role of inclusive policy-making and active community involvement in promoting technology adoption. It is recommended that government programs focus on targeted capacity-building and sustained support to enable smallholder farmers to maximize the benefits of modern agricultural technologies for resilient and sustainable farming.

Financial Compliance on Reducing Operational Risk among Chinese Enterprises: Basis for Strategic Plan

Zheng Ling — 2025-12-30

This research explored the financial compliance practices of Chinese enterprises and their impact on reducing operational risks. This study utilized descriptive-quantitative research design. It involved 159 surveyed enterprises, revealing a diverse business landscape dominated by state-owned businesses (39.62%) and private enterprises (37.74%), with joint ventures accounting for 22.64%. Most companies (41%) have been operational for 5-10 years, and a significant portion (40.3%) employed over 101 people, showcasing a mix of small and large businesses. Chinese enterprises adhered strongly to financial compliance, scoring highly in internal rules, industry standards, business ethics, and monitoring systems. The benefits of financial compliance were significant, contributing to risk mitigation, operational efficiency, and organizational resilience. Adherence to compliance standards reduced operational risks, enhanced businesses' ability to adapt to challenges, and offered a competitive advantage by improving reputation and attracting investors. However, enterprises faced challenges such as cultural and language barriers and cybersecurity threats. This study recommends tailored policies and support programs to address the diverse needs of small and large firms, promoting sustainable growth. Continuous investment in compliance training and development, regular compliance protocol updates, and emphasizing compliance's strategic value in business planning are essential. Enhancing cybersecurity measures and conducting regular security audits were crucial for safeguarding sensitive information. A strategic plan aligning with business goals and assigning clear responsibilities was recommended to tackle these issues.

The The Changing Landscape of Life: Exploring the Influence of Technology on Community's Well-Being

JOHN CEDRIC PINEDA — 2025-12-30

This study determined the influence of technology on the lives of residents in Barangay Malasin. It used a qualitative design, employing interviews with a guided questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument. Twenty-five residents from Barangay Malasin served as participants, selected through purposive sampling. The study aimed to examine how technology affects interpersonal relationships, health, and mental well-being. Based on the study, the researchers used frequency and percentage to analyze data from the 25 participants from Barangay Malasin. The results showed that most participants were aged 15-19 and 25-29 years old, and that more female participants were involved in the interviews. Based on the results of the conducted study, it was found that most residents of Barangay Malasin, especially youth, have become highly dependent on technology in their daily lives. It was also discovered that the use of smartphones, internet, and social media has become an important part of young people's communication and way of living. Although technology brings convenience, such as faster communication, online learning, and stress relief, it still has effects on health, mental well-being, and face-to-face relationships. The results show that online interaction is slowly replacing in-person communication, which leads to the loss of deep connections with others. This study highlights the impact of technology on face-to-face interaction. It encourages residents, leaders, and youth to use technology wisely and in balance, as overuse may affect health, mental well-being, and relationships.

Game-Based Instruction as a Pedagogical Innovation in Teaching GE7: Science, Technology, and Society

Julius Jay Rodriguez — 2026-03-11

This study investigated the effectiveness of game-based instruction in improving students’ academic achievement in Science, specifically focusing on the topic Biodiversity and the Healthy Society. The results revealed that students exposed to game-based instruction achieved significantly higher posttest scores compared to those taught using traditional methods, indicating improved comprehension, retention, and active participation in learning. Furthermore, the findings suggested that game-based instruction fosters a more engaging and student-centered learning environment, enhancing motivation and collaboration among learners. These outcomes underscore the potential of game-based learning as a pedagogical tool to address difficulties in Science education and to improve achievement in complex topics such as biodiversity. The study concludes that integrating game-based instruction into Science teaching provides meaningful learning opportunities that positively influence student achievement. It is therefore recommended that educators adopt game-based strategies as a complement to conventional approaches to enhance both engagement and academic success in Science.

Effects of China’s Currency Supply: Basis for Action Plan

Chen Haoliang — 2025-12-30

The study investigated the relationship between currency oversupply and inflation in China and proposed strategies to enhance currency management. Using a descriptive-quantitative research design, the study focused on Beijing, the country’s economic hub, and employed purposive sampling to select respondents, including central bank officials, economists, government representatives, and financial institutions, ensuring diverse and expert insights. Data were collected through a validated survey questionnaire covering three areas: China’s currency supply and monetary policy, current supply status with associated challenges and strategies, and the economic effects of currency supply. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS to identify trends and key issues. Findings indicated that China’s currency supply significantly affected economic stability and the effectiveness of monetary policy, highlighting the need for greater transparency and enhanced central bank interventions. Respondents generally perceived the currency supply positively but emphasized the necessity of aligning currency growth with overall economic expansion, particularly in the context of digital finance. The study identified major challenges in managing China’s currency supply and underscored the potential of technology-driven solutions, including digital payment systems, to improve efficiency and reliability. Insights from the research provided actionable recommendations for policymakers, aiming to optimize currency management, mitigate inflation risks, and support sustainable economic growth in the digital era. Overall, the study served as a basis for developing an action plan to strengthen China’s monetary policy framework and enhance the effectiveness of currency supply management.

Commuter Expectation and Experience with Modernized Public Transport: Toward a Commuter Satisfaction Model

Vonnilyn Douthart — 2025-12-30

This study examined commuter expectations and experiences of service quality relevant to the Philippine Public Transport Modernization Program, a nationwide initiative aimed at improving the levels of passenger comfort, safety, reliability, stakeholder welfare, and system efficiency in the transport system by utilizing modernized public transport. Employing the SERVQUAL model, the researcher focused on three service quality dimensions — tangibility, empathy, and reliability — to establish whether significant differences exist between commuter expectations and experiences. The adopted mixed-methods research design incorporated quantitative and qualitative approaches. A validated survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 commuter respondents with different age brackets who have experienced riding modernized public transport serving the Ifugao–Nueva Vizcaya route. Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted among passengers who have not yet utilized modernized public transport, and with drivers of modernized public units. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test with Cohen's d were employed to analyze and compare differences between expected and experienced service qualities. Key findings reveal that commuters reported high levels of expectation and satisfaction; however, there was a significant difference across the three dimensions, with the largest difference in tangibility and the least in reliability. The results highlight the need to enhance tangibility through improved vehicle aesthetics and accessibility, empathy through greater convenience, and reliability through increased operational dependability, efficient payment systems, and service availability.

Investigating the Mediating Effect of the Technology Readiness Index on the Relationship Between Customer Sociodemographic Profile and Net Promoter Score of a Government Bank in the Philippines

Jian Carlo Rubio — 2025-12-30

This study examined the mediating role of the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) in the relationship between customers’ sociodemographic profile and Net Promoter Score (NPS) among 228 active users of a government-owned bank’s Internet banking application in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. A descriptive research design with purposive random sampling was employed, using a validated bilingual (English-Filipino) structured questionnaire. Respondents were predominantly young (25-33 years), female (59.65%), single, college-educated public-sector employees (85.09%) with moderate income and relatively short banking tenure. The bank recorded an outstanding NPS of 60.96 (67.54% Promoters, 25.88% Passives, 6.58% Detractors), significantly surpassing international banking benchmarks. Internet banking application usage was moderate and selective, focusing on core features (balance inquiry, fund transfers, bill payments) while advanced functions remained largely unused. Customers displayed high technology readiness (overall TRI = 3.813), characterized by strong Optimism (4.167) and Innovativeness (3.691), with minimal Discomfort and Insecurity. Mediation analysis revealed that TRI significantly mediated only the relationship between monthly income and NPS (indirect effect = 0.042, p = .037). No significant mediation was found for other sociodemographic variables. Direct predictors of higher NPS were public-sector affiliation (β = 0.79, p = .002) and banking tenure (β = 0.085/year, p < .001). Despite high technology readiness, customer loyalty remains rooted primarily in institutional trust and mandatory relationships rather than digital experience, with technology readiness influencing advocacy mainly among higher-income customers.

Characterization of the Vinegar Making Industry and Vinegar Producers in Dilasag and Dinalungan, Aurora

MARK LESTER CUNANAN — 2025-12-30

The vinegar industry in Dilasag and Dinalungan, Aurora, represents a vital, yet under-documented, traditional livelihood. This study sought to characterize the local vinegar-making industry and its producers to provide a comprehensive baseline of their socio-economic profiles, production practices, and barriers to commercialization. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a mixed-method approach. Data were collected from ten (10) purposively selected vinegar producers through survey questionnaires, structured interviews, and on-site observations. The findings reveal that vinegar production is a localized, family-based, supplementary livelihood predominantly managed by an aging population, with most producers in the 51–60+ age group. Production is overwhelmingly traditional, relying on locally available raw materials such as coconut sap (30-40%) and nipa palm (10-20%) and utilizing "natural" spontaneous fermentation (80%). A significant finding is the near-total absence of formal training; producers rely entirely on traditional sensory cues (color, aroma, taste) for quality control rather than scientific tools. While this practice provides a modest supplementary income (₱5,000–₱15,000 monthly) with local prices at ₱50–₱60 per liter, the industry faces significant structural barriers. The study concludes that producers are constrained by four critical, interrelated challenges that prevent commercial expansion: (1) limited production capacity (1-20 liters weekly), (2) a complete absence of product labeling and branding, (3) a lack of capital for investment, and (4) minimal technical training exposure. These barriers trap producers in a low-volume, low-income cycle, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions in training, standardization, and marketing to enhance this traditional enterprise.

Organizational Health Behavioral Index (OHBI): Basis for Strategic, Management, and Employee Engagement Planning for an Attached Agency of the Department of Agriculture, Philippines

Jian Carlo Rubio — 2025-12-30

This study evaluated the organizational health of an attached agency of the Department of Agriculture in the Philippines by developing an Organizational Health Behavioral Index (OHBI). The study used a descriptive quantitative design supplemented by qualitative analysis to capture 52 randomly selected employees' perceptions of their workplace environment. Data were collected using a standardized OHBI survey derived from Jaafari et al. (2023), which included aspects such as awareness, appreciation, interpersonal interactions, engagement, internal communication, employee persona, organizational culture, and employee voice. For quantitative data, descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used, whilst qualitative replies were analyzed thematically. The study found that the organization excelled in awareness (x̄=3.56) and relations (x̄=3.36), while internal communication (x̄=3.26) and appreciation (x̄=3.15) were regarded as successful but needed improvement. Employee engagement (x̄=2.80) was identified as the most essential concern, requiring focused actions. Qualitative findings identified teamwork and camaraderie as organizational strengths, whereas unfavorable cultural pockets, limited career progression prospects, and workplace politics emerged as recurrent issues. The estimated OHBI score was 74.75, indicating a generally healthy organizational climate with opportunities for improvement. Based on these findings, the report suggests implementing strategic initiatives such as formal employee appreciation programs, improved internal communications, career development frameworks, transparent promotion processes, leadership development programs, and culture-building workshops. These ideas attempt to promote an organizational culture that is cohesive, appreciative, and engagement-driven, with a focus on employee well-being and professional development.

Hydrogel Formulation with Encapsulated Extracts From Blumea Balsamifera, Annona Squamosa, and Annona Muricata Leaves For Potential Antibacterial Activity

Blanca Marie Hermano — 2025-12-30

The ongoing development of hydrogels encapsulating plant derived compounds, alongside the search for alternative antibacterial drugs, such as compounds produced from plants, has been prompted by the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. This study formulated hydrogels encapsulating ethanolic extracts from Blumea balsamifera, Annona squamosa, and Annona muricata leaves to evaluate their potential antibacterial activity. Plant leaves were collected, authenticated, and extracted with ethanol, then incorporated into PVA-agar hydrogels. The hydrogels were analyzed using FTIR to confirm the presence of bioactive compounds and were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the disc diffusion method. Additionally, characteristic peaks from FTIR analysis showed that the flavonoids, tannins, and acetogenins from the plant extracts had been successfully incorporated within the hydrogel matrix. However, only the Annona muricata ethanolic extract showed inhibitory action against S. aureus according to antibacterial tests, meanwhile none of the extracts or hydrogels worked against P. aeruginosa. Low extract concentration, restricted release of active chemicals, storage degradation, and the effects of high ethanol concentration during extraction could all be contributing factors to the hydrogels' lack of antibacterial activity. Further research is recommended to improve hydrogel release characteristics, optimize extract concentrations, and improve extraction and preservation techniques in order to improve antibacterial efficacy and broaden biological uses.

Challenges in Landscape Architecture Education: Enhancing The Role of Student Affairs in Vocational Schools

REYNALDO CABUAL — 2025-12-30

This study examined the challenges encountered in Landscape Architecture (LA) education at Guangdong Ecological Engineering Vocational College, China, focusing on both academic and non-academic barriers and the role of Student Affairs in addressing them. Employing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 150 LA students, 10 staff members, and 25 faculty members through validated survey instruments. Results revealed academic challenges including outdated curricula, disorganized course structures, insufficient resources, and weak practical training. Non-academic issues such as low motivation and cultural displacement further hindered student engagement. The evaluation of Student Affairs programs identified gaps in mental health support, career services, and vocational resource provision. Correlation analysis showed that institutional challenges were significantly related to the effectiveness of student affairs initiatives, particularly in retention, academic support, and employability outcomes. The study proposed an action plan emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, mental health initiatives, and strengthened school–enterprise partnerships to enhance student affairs effectiveness. These findings underscore the pivotal role of Student Affairs as an integrative framework to improve student engagement, reduce attrition, and foster employability in vocational Landscape Architecture education.

ASK-COT: An Executive Decision Support System for the Planning Unit of Aurora State College of Technology

Dale Lyko Abion — 2025-12-30

Strategic planning in higher education institutions depends on timely, accurate, and consolidated data to support informed decision-making. At Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT), the Planning Unit has encountered persistent challenges in consolidating reports from various academic and administrative units, leading to delays, inconsistencies, and limited capacity for effective governance and performance monitoring. To address these issues, this study developed the ASK-COT: An Executive Decision Support System for the Planning Unit of Aurora State College of Technology designed to streamline data submission, consolidation, and analysis, thereby improving compliance monitoring, strategic planning, and resource allocation.

ASK-COT was developed using the Phased Development Approach inspired by the Waterfall Model, ensuring a systematic process through requirements analysis, system design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The system incorporates modules for online report submission, compliance tracking, key performance indicator dashboards, and analytical tools that generate decision-support insights for institutional leaders.

The system’s quality was evaluated following the ISO/IEC 25010 software quality model, with assessments conducted by IT experts and key stakeholders. ASK-COT achieved the following mean scores across nine quality characteristics: Functional Suitability (3.73), Performance Efficiency (3.60), Compatibility (3.55), Interaction Capability (3.69), Reliability (3.73), Security (3.90), Maintainability (3.68), Flexibility (3.68), and Safety (3.66). Security obtained the highest rating, reflecting robust measures for data integrity and confidentiality. Functional Suitability and Reliability also received strong ratings, demonstrating the system’s effectiveness in meeting user requirements and maintaining consistent performance.

Evaluation results affirm that ASK-COT meets high standards for functionality, usability, and security, enabling ASCOT’s Planning Unit to operate with greater efficiency and accuracy. Its implementation is expected to strengthen institutional governance, enhance performance monitoring, and support ASCOT’s readiness for university status. Furthermore, ASK-COT’s design and development process can serve as a replicable model for other higher education institutions seeking to adopt data-driven decision support solutions.

Localization Strategies and Its Impact to Chinese Companies: Basis for Enhanced Action Plan

ARJHEL DOMINGO — 2025-12-30

This study examined the impact of localization strategies adopted by a Chinese manufacturing company on key facets of its operations, encompassing market expansion, financial performance, operational efficiency, and employee engagement. By investigating the relationship between these localization strategies and their consequences on these variables, the study sought to enhance the company's China Localization Strategy. With over 26 years of experience in the Chinese market and a steadfast focus on manufacturing computer accessories, the company demonstrates a strong commitment to serving a diverse customer base. While adept at regulatory compliance, customization, and leveraging partnerships, opportunities exist for refining marketing approaches, particularly in online strategies. The company excels in website accessibility, social media engagement, pricing adjustments, and distribution channel utilization, but customization for Chinese consumer preferences is encouraged. Despite successful market expansion, challenges in distribution network establishment and competitive pricing necessitate immediate attention. While operational efficiency is commendable in certain areas, quality control improvements are warranted, and there's room for enhancing employee well-being and fostering a deeper sense of belonging and pride. The company's comprehensive strategic objectives are underpinned by clear goals, responsibilities, timelines, and expected outcomes. The study concluded with recommendations, including product diversification, cultural sensitivity training, market analysis, and the establishment of a cross-functional task force to optimize the company's competitive position and performance in the dynamic Chinese market.

Tailoring Human Resource Policy in a Government Bank: Machine Learning Insights into Job Rotation, Resilience, and Adaptability in Nueva Ecija

Jian Carlo Rubio — 2025-12-30

This quantitative, descriptive study leverages machine learning, specifically agglomerative hierarchical clustering, to generate actionable insights into job rotation, resilience, and adaptability among 70 employees in a government bank in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Survey data from employees with job rotation experience across eleven branches were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Spearman correlations, with clustering techniques employed to segment the workforce. The clustering analysis tested various distance and linkage methods. While the Euclidean-average linkage combination achieved the highest cophenetic correlation coefficient, confirming its statistical validity, visual inspection favored the Euclidean-complete linkage method. This approach yielded five interpretable and diverse employee groups, supporting calls to balance quantitative cluster validity with qualitative interpretability. Key findings indicate that job rotation is generally associated with above-moderate resilience and adaptability. However, challenges related to geographic relocation were evident, with male employees reporting higher difficulty adjusting to new environments than females. Familial and contextual factors, specifically marital status, number of children, and residence-work location differences, positively correlated with both resilience and adaptability, highlighting their significant role in employee coping mechanisms. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship between resilience and adaptability was confirmed. Based from the cluster-specific insights, policy recommendations include developing structured job rotation programs, providing targeted commuter support, and implementing cluster-specific interventions to address group-specific needs, thereby optimizing organizational effectiveness and enhancing workforce well-being.

Transformation of Financial Personnel in the context of Big Data: Basis for Strategic Plan

Cheng ming — 2025-12-30

The rapid advancement of information technology has positioned big data as a key catalyst for global economic and social development, equipping decision-makers across industries with valuable insights and transformative opportunities. This study examined the transformation to big data among financial personnel in China, focusing on its necessity, impact on traditional financial work, transformation requirements, strategies, and associated challenges. Using a descriptive method under a quantitative research design, data were collected from financial professionals, IT personnel, enterprise managers, and academics across manufacturing and service sectors. Findings showed that transitioning to big data was considered highly significant, particularly in reshaping financial functions and addressing new operational demands. The need for transformation was rated highly needed, indicating the requirements such as shifting from accounting to management, personnel training, and establishing shared financial models. Strategic approaches such as skills development, organizational restructuring, leadership enhancement, and policy formulation were considered highly important, while challenges including skills gaps, psychological resistance, cultural rigidity, and risk management were identified as very challenging. The transformation was also seen to improve operational efficiency, market reach, service personalization, and overall organizational performance, enhancing technological readiness and competitiveness. The impact on client service delivery was assessed as highly positive. A strategic plan was proposed to optimize services through big data transformation. Overall, the study underscores the importance of a comprehensive, adaptive approach to successfully navigating the shift to big data in financial operations.

Marketing Mix Strategies of Smes during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Retail Industry: Basis for Strategic Adaptation

Daixufeng — 2025-12-30

This research investigated the marketing mix strategies employed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the retail sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. By combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative surveys, the study revealed the diverse adaptability of these SMEs, who adjusted their product offerings, pricing strategies, and embraced digital transformation. The findings emphasized the importance of innovation, effective communication, and process efficiency. To enhance marketing strategies for knowledge-based enterprises in the retail sector, the study proposed focusing on comprehensive market research, dynamic pricing, a strong online presence, customer-centric digital marketing, personalized communication, and streamlined processes, with key performance indicators centered on customer satisfaction, competitive pricing, online engagement, customer retention, and operational efficiency. Overall, the research offered valuable insights for navigating challenges and ensuring resilience during uncertain times.