Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): The QUEST: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Articles

THE Utilization of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Meal as Energy Source for Mallard Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos): Utilization of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Meal as Energy Source for Mallard Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos)

  • JAYDEELYN DACER-AQUINO
JAYDEELYN DACER-AQUINO
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DOI: https://doi.org/10.60008/thequest.v4i2.278

Published 12/30/2025

Keywords

  • Anas platyrhynchos,
  • cassava meal,
  • energy source,
  • alternative feed

How to Cite

DACER-AQUINO, J. (2025). THE Utilization of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Meal as Energy Source for Mallard Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos): Utilization of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Meal as Energy Source for Mallard Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos). The QUEST: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.60008/thequest.v4i2.278

Copyright (c) 2025 The QUEST: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Abstract. The mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), additionally referred to as "itik" in the Philippines, is an egg-type duck that is a large source of delicious, valued, and healthful eggs that are perfect for the manufacture of boiled incubated "balut" and meat that is high in protein and improves local food security. In order to provide an alternative feed ingredient that is readily available locally and at a reasonable price, concerns about the restricted natural feed source for mallard ducks and the high cost of commercial feeds have to be addressed. The experimental study had a duration of sixty days and focused on Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Meal used as the energy source of mallard duck to lessen the cost of production. Treatments used were 30% rice bran + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 1 (control), 30% dried cassava meal + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 2, 30% fermented cassava meal + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 3, 15% dried cassava meal + 15% fermented cassava meal + 70% feedstuff as Treatment 4. A Completely Randomized Design was laid out for treatments and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to determine the difference between Treatment means. The research findings indicate that dried cassava meal supplementation to mallard ducks resulted in the highest average final weight of the birds. The highest average gain in weight of the experimental birds was from Treatment 2 with a dried cassava meal-based ration. The most efficient feed converter among all the Treatments was the Dried cassava meal fed to the mallard ducks while the economic viability of cassava meal was proven as Dried cassava meal has the highest return on investment compared to other treatments. Therefore, Cassava meal-based rations may be utilized as an alternative feed ingredient for further study in mallard duck production.

References

  1. Adeyemo, A. I., S. A. Aderibigbe, T.A. Abdurrasheed and J.O. Agbolade. 2014. A study of Aspergillus niger- hydrolyzed cassava peel meal as a carbohydrate source on the histology of broiler chickens. Springerplus 2014; 3: 31.
  2. Aneto, A., 2010. Cassava Root Meal as Substitute for Maize in Layers Ration
  3. Apeh O. 2018. Improving Cassava Quality for Poultry Feeding Through Application of Biotechnology
  4. Bhuiyan, M. 2015. Energy Value of Cassava Products in Broiler Diets
  5. Boonop, K., et al., 2009. Enriching Nutritive Value of Cassava Root; pages 630-631
  6. Cornell, A. 2017. Mallard Life History, Habitat, Food, Nest Description, Behavior
  7. Dennis Amata, 2017. Farmers Unite for Cassava Production
  8. Diara S. et al. 2015.Feeding Value of Some Cassava Products Meal for Poultry; pages 735-741
  9. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Food Outlook: 2014 Biannual report on Global Food Markets.
  10. FAO. 2015. Development of Cassava Root Crops. Agro Ecological Regions of Bangladesh (pp. 200-220). United Nations Development Program and Food and Agriculture Organization. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka.
  11. Gomez, G., Valdivieso, M., Cuesta, D.E., Salcedo, T.S. 2014. Effect of variety and plant age on the cyanide content of whole root cassava chips and its reduction by sun drying. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 11: 57-65.
  12. Gongruttananun, N., Guntapa, P., Saengkudrua, K., 2013. The effects of a short-term molt method using cassava meal on ovarian regression, bone integrity, and postmolt egg production and quality in older (95 week) laying hens. Poultry Sci. 92, 2798e2807.
  13. Gongruttananun, N., Saengkudrua, K., 2016. Responses of laying hens to induce molting procedures using cassava meal of variable length with or without a recovery period. Agr. Nat. Resour. 50, 400e407
  14. Karue, C.N., Evans, J.L. and Tillman, A.D., 2013. Voluntary intake of dry matter by African Zebu cattle. Quality of feed and the reference base. J. Anita. Sci., 36: 1181-1185.
  15. Khajarern, J., Khajarern, S., Sivapraphahon, A., Nandhapipat, L. 2017. A survey on the changes in chemical composition of cassava root products in Khon Kaen region in 1980. pp 22-29. In KKU-IDRC Cassava/Nutrition project 1976 Annual Report, Khon Kaen University. Khon Kaen, Thailand.
  16. Lei, XJ, 2016. Effects of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Root Meal on Production performance, in Diets Containing Corn Distillers Grains with Soluble on Egg Quality in Laying Hens
  17. Sanchez, M. 2019. Cassava Production in the Philippines 2011-2017
  18. Maust, L.E., Scott, M.L., Pond, W.G. 2012. The metabolizable energy of 1 rice bran, cassava flour, and blackeye cowpeas for growing chickens. Poult. Sci. 51: 1397-1401.
  19. Muller, Z., Chou, X.C., Nah, X.C. 2014. Cassava as a total for cereals in livestock and poultry rations. World Anim. Rev. 12: 19-24.
  20. Oke, O.L., 2008. Problems in the use of cassava as animal feed. Anita. Feed. Sci. Technology., 3:345-380.